INCLUDED ANGLE
The included angle is the sum of the camber and SAI angles in a front suspension. This angle is measured indirectly and is
used primarily to diagnose bent suspension parts such as spindles and struts.
The included angle is specified in degrees, and changes any time camber is adjusted without altering SAI. Changing the
position of the camber bolts at the bottom of a strut on a MacPherson strut suspension, for example, would change camber
and the included angle but not SAI. If the top of strut were moved in to change camber, though, SAI would change an equal
amount leaving the included angle unchanged. Included angle specifications are not provided for many vehicles.
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